[转]nginx rewrite 参数和例子
2013-05-28 | pyinx | linux

推荐参考地址：
Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区
http://marc.info/?l=nginx

Nginx 常见应用技术指南[Nginx Tips]
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。

正则表达式匹配，其中：

    • ~ 为区分大小写匹配
    • ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
    • !~和!~分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

*文件及目录匹配，其中：
    • -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
    • -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
    • -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
    • -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

    • flag标记有：
    • last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
    • break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
    • redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
    • permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

    • 一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

  • $args

  • $content_length
  • $content_type
  • $document_root
  • $document_uri
  • $host
  • $http_user_agent
  • $http_cookie
  • $limit_rate
  • $request_body_file
  • $request_method
  • $remote_addr
  • $remote_port
  • $remote_user
  • $request_filename
  • $request_uri
  • $query_string
  • $scheme
  • $server_protocol
  • $server_addr
  • $server_name
  • $server_port

  • $uri


    • 结合QeePHP的例子

  • if (!-d $request_filename) {

  • rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
  • rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;

  • break;


    • 多目录转成参数
    abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

  • if ($host ~ (.).domain.com) {

  • set $sub_name $1;
  • rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;

  • }


    • 目录对换
    /123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

  • rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;


    • 例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

  • if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {

  • rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;

  • }


    • 目录自动加“/”

  • if (-d $request_filename){

  • rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

  • }


    • 禁止htaccess

  • location ~/.ht {

  • deny all;

  • }


    • 禁止多个目录

  • location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {

  • deny all;
  • break;

  • }


    • 禁止以/data开头的文件
    可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

  • location ~ ^/data {

  • deny all;

  • }


    • 禁止单个目录
    不能禁止.log.txt能请求

  • location /searchword/cron/ {

  • deny all;

  • }


    • 禁止单个文件

  • location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {

  • deny all;

  • }


    • 给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
    这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

  • location ~(favicon.ico) {

  • log_not_found off;
  • expires 99d;
  • break;
  • }
    6.7. location ~(robots.txt) {
  • log_not_found off;
  • expires 7d;
  • break;

  • }


    • 设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

  • location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {

  • access_log off;
  • root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
  • expires 600;
  • break;

  • }


    • 文件反盗链并设置过期时间
    这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
    “rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
    “access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
    “expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

  • location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {

  • valid_referers none blocked .c1gstudio.com .c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
  • if ($invalid_referer) {
  • rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
  • return 412;
  • break;
  • }
  • access_log off;
  • root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
  • expires 3d;
  • break;

  • }


    • 只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

  • root /opt/htdocs/www;

  • allow 208.97.167.194;
  • allow 222.33.1.2;
  • allow 231.152.49.4;
  • deny all;
  • auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;

  • auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;


    • 将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
    /job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

  • rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;


    • 将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
    如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
    如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

  • rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;


    • 上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

  • rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;

  • rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

    • 这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
    如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

    那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
    (-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

    1. if (-d $request_filename){
    2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

    3. }


    知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

  • rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;

  • rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.)$ /area/$1/$2 last;


    • *文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

  • if (!-e $request_filename) {

  • proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

  • }


    • 域名跳转

  • server

  • {
  • listen 80;
  • server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
  • index index.html index.htm index.php;
  • root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
  • rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
  • access_log off;

  • }


    • 多域名转向

  • server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;

  • index index.html index.htm index.php;
  • root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
  • if ($host ~ “c1gstudio.net”) {
  • rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;

  • }


    • 三级域名跳转

  • if ($http_host ~ “^(.).i.c1gstudio.com$”) {

  • rewrite ^(.*) http://top.c1gstudio.com$1;
  • break;

  • }


    • 域名镜向

  • server

  • {
  • listen 80;
  • server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
  • index index.html index.htm index.php;
  • root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
  • rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
  • access_log off;

  • }


    • 某个子目录作镜向

  • location ^~ /zhaopinhui {

  • rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
  • break;

  • }


    • discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

  • rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+).html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;

  • rewrite ^/(space|network).html$ /$1.php last;

  • rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;


    • discuz 7 rewrite

  • rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;

  • rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
  • rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
  • rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
  • rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;

  • rewrite ^(.)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;


    • *给discuz某版块单独配置域名

  • server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
    2.3. location = / {

  • if ($http_host ~ news.c1gstudio.com$) {
  • rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
  • break;
  • }

  • }


    • discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

  • location ^~ /ucenter {

  • location ~ .*.php?$
  • {
  • #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  • fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  • fastcgi_index index.php;
  • include fcgi.conf;
  • }
    9.10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {
  • log_not_found off;
  • access_log off;
  • location ~ /(.*)_big.jpg$ {
  • error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
  • }
  • location ~ /(.*)_middle.jpg$ {
  • error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
  • }
  • location ~ /(.*)_small.jpg$ {
  • error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
  • }
  • expires 300;
  • break;
  • }

  • }


    • jspace rewrite

  • location ~ .*.php?$

  • {
  • #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  • fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  • fastcgi_index index.php;
  • include fcgi.conf;
  • }
    8.9. location ~* ^/index.php/
  • {
  • rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
  • fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  • fastcgi_index index.php;
  • include fcgi.conf;

  • }


    • wordpress rewrite

  • location / {

  • index index.html index.php;
  • if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
  • rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
  • }
  • if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
  • rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
  • }
  • if (!-e $request_filename)
  • {
  • rewrite (.*) /index.php;
  • }
  • }

    • 2010-1-11更新

    discuzx 1.5 rewrite

    1. rewrite ^([^.]*)/topic-(.+).html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
    2. rewrite ^([^.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last;
    3. rewrite ^([^.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
    4. rewrite ^([^.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
    5. rewrite ^([^.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
    6. rewrite ^([^.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
    7. rewrite ^([^.]*)/([a-z]+)-(.+).html$ $1/$2.php?rewrite=$3 last;
    8. if (!-e $request_filename) {
    9. return 404;

    10. }


    动态参数rewrite
    以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5为例

  • if ($query_string ~* tid=([0-9]+)) {

  • set $id $1;
  • rewrite “^(.*)/viewthread.php$” $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1 last;
  • }
  • if ($query_string ~* gid=([0-9]+)) {
  • set $id $1;
  • rewrite “^(.*)/index.php$” $1/forum.php?gid=$id last;
  • }
  • rewrite ^([^.]*)/archiver/$ $1/forum.php?archiver=1 last;

    • 2011-4-21更新

    nginx 嵌套if
    nginx不支持if and和多层嵌套if,让我头痛很久,需要通过其它方法实现.
    下面是把访问镜像网站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬虫转到www站.

    1. set $needrewrite ‘’;
    2. if ($http_user_agent ~* (baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)) {
    3. set $needrewrite ‘o’;
    4. }
    5. if ($host ~ cnc.c1gstudio.com) {
    6. set $needrewrite “${needrewrite}k”;
    7. }
    8. if ($needrewrite = ok) {
    9. #return 403;
    10. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
    11. }

    reload nginx后可以用curl来做测试
    curl -I -A “soso” cnc.c1gstudio.com

    apache 转 nginx 规则工具
    http://www.ubuntuset.com/apache2nginx